The National Commission for Women was established in 1992 as a statutory body under the National Commission for Women Act, 1990.
The Commission exercises the powers conferred on and to perform the functions assigned to it under this Act.

The National Commission For Women:

  1. Reviews the Constitutional and Legal safeguards meant for women;
  2. Recommends remedial legislative measures ;
  3. Facilitates grievances redressal and
  4. Advises the govt on any policy matter that affects women.

Composition of the Commission

The Commission consists of:-

  • A Chairperson (person committed to the explanation for women) is nominated by the Union Government.
  • The Union Government nominates five Members. And two of 5 members must be from SC and ST community.
  • A Member-Secretary is nominated by the Union Government, an expert in management or sociological movement or a member of All India Service or government officials or holds any civil post.

Functions of National Commission For Women

The Commission performs all or any of the following functions:

Investigation: Investigates and examines any matter concerning women’s safeguards under the Constitution and other laws.
Report: Presents to the Union Government, annually (or such other time), reports upon the working of these safeguards.
Recommendations: Make in such reports recommendations for the effective implementation of these safeguards for improving the conditions of girls by the Union or any state,

Review: Regularly reviews the exiting provisions of the Constitution and other laws affecting women.
It recommends amendments to suggest remedial legislative measures to satisfy any lacunae, inadequacies or shortcomings in such legislation.
Redressal in Violation: Takes up cases of violation of the Constitutional provisions and laws concerning women with the concerned authorities.

Suo-motto Notice: 

Looks into complaints and take Suo-motto notice of matters relating to:-

  • deprivation of women’s rights
  • non-implementation of laws enacted for the protection of girls or meant to realize the target of equality and development
  • non-compliance of policy decisions, guidelines or instructions intended for mitigating hardships and ensuring the welfare and providing relief to women, and takes up the problems arising out of such matters with appropriate authorities

Special studies or investigations: involves special studies into specific issues arising out of discrimination and atrocities against women and finds out limitations to recommend strategies for his or her removal.

Research: Undertakes promotional and academic research to suggest ways of improving the representation of girls altogether spheres and identifies issues impeding their advancement, including, lack of access to housing and basic services, inadequate support services and technologies for reducing drudgery etc.

Participation in Planning: The Commission participates and advice on the design process of socio-economic development of girls.
Evaluation: The Commission evaluates the progress achieved in women’s development under the Union and any State.
Inspection of Jails: The Commission inspects or causes to be inspected a jail, remand home, women’s institution or other places of custody meant for ladies and takes up with the concerned authorities for remedial action, if necessary.

Financial Aid: It funds litigation covering issues affecting an outsized body of girls,
Reports to Government: It makes periodic reports to the govt on matters concerning women and particularly various difficulties under which women toil,
Any other matter: Any matter which can be mentioned by the Union Government.

The Union Government presents the reports presented by the National Commission for Women before each House of Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) alongside a memorandum explaining the action taken or proposed to be taken on the recommendations concerning the Union and therefore the reasons for the non-acceptance, if any, of any such suggestions.

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